Planning for a Sustainable Future: Health Canada's 2011-2014 Sustainable Development Strategy

June 2011

(PDF Version - 540 K)

Internet Component

This Internet component linked from Health Canada's 2011-2012 Report on Plans and Priorities is intended to supplement and provide further detail concerning Health Canada's contribution to the 2010 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy.

Office of Sustainable Development
Health Canada

Table Of Contents

Executive Summary

This is Health Canada's first Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) under the 2008  Federal Sustainable Development Act. It complies with and contributes to the goals, targets and implementation strategies identified in the  2010 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS) consistent with Health Canada's mandate.

Health Canada's SDS supports the first FSDS in three of the four FSDS thematic areas:

This strategy contains a detailed account of the implementation strategies identified in Health Canada's  2011-2012 Report on Plans and Priorities.

As part of Theme 1, Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality, Health Canada has committed to 12 implementation strategies aimed at advancing knowledge and communications about health risks to Canadians regarding climate change and indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Included in these strategies are initiatives to demand improved performance through the development of guidelines, regulations for industrial emissions, chemicals management requirements for key pollutants and risk management of harmful substances.

father and son

As part of Theme 2, Addressing Water Quality and Availability, Health Canada has committed to 9 implementation strategies. These include updating and developing guidance and guidelines on water quality in areas of federal jurisdiction and providing provinces and territories and the international community information concerning water quality. Some of this work is being undertaken in collaboration with provinces and territories. Health Canada is also advancing knowledge and information concerning the management of chemicals to protect health with respect to water quality. Work is also aimed at increasing the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility risk ratings. Health Canada's role will be to help enable capacity among First Nations, and put in place guidelines and risk management measures to improve drinking water and wastewater management.

Finally, as part of Theme 4, Shrinking the Environmental Footprint - Beginning with Government, Health Canada has identified 11 distinct targets to support reducing the Department's environmental footprint.

Introduction

The Minister of Health, like other Ministers presiding over departments or agencies identified in the  Federal Sustainable Development Act (the Act), is responsible for preparing and tabling in Parliament a departmental sustainable development strategy that complies with and contributes to the  2010 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS).

This document responds to this requirement. It sets out the framework within which Health Canada's Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) is developed, describes the linkage between sustainable development and health, articulates how sustainable development is managed within Health Canada and explains the Department's specific contributions to the FSDS goals and targets. Health Canada's SDS consists of two parts: the  2011-2012 Report on Plans and Priorities and this Internet document.

1. The Government of Canada's Federal Sustainable Development Framework

The Act, which came into effect in 2008, provides the legal framework for developing and implementing a FSDS to make environmental decision-making more transparent and accountable to Parliament.

The Act states that "the Government of Canada accepts the basic principle that sustainable development is based on an ecologically efficient use of natural, social and economic resources." It further notes that the FSDS will be based on the precautionary principle, which states "where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation."

The Minister of the Environment must table in Parliament, every three years, a FSDS which includes an overarching set of goals, targets and implementation strategies. The first FSDS was tabled in Parliament in October 2010. It establishes a framework for sustainable development planning and reporting with three key elements:

The FSDS brings together goals, targets and implementation strategies which have been created through the normal course of government decision-making. For the most part, the FSDS itself does not establish new goals and targets, with the exception of those related to shrinking the government's environmental footprint in Theme 4. Rather, it makes the outcomes of decision-making more transparent. FSDS goals, targets, and implementation strategies are organized under four priority themes:

The  Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals, first established in 1990, formally integrates environmental considerations into federal government decision-making through the use of  Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs). These assessments are required when policy, plan or program proposals are submitted to the Minister or Cabinet for approval and their implementation may have important environmental effects. The Guidelines for Implementing the Cabinet Directive were updated in 2010 to ensure policies, plans and programs are consistent with the government's broad environmental objectives and sustainable development goals, as laid out in the FSDS. Under the FSDS, departments are required to assess a proposal's impact on FSDS goals and targets when undertaking SEAs and report on the extent and results of their SEA practices.

The Minister of Environment is required to report on progress of the FSDS from a government-wide perspective. Health Canada, along with other departments and agencies, will announce its specific sustainable development commitments in its Report on Plans and Priorities (RPP) and report progress in its Departmental Performance Report (DPR).

2. Health Canada and Sustainable Development

kids

"In simple terms, sustainable development means integrating the economic, social and environmental objectives of society, in order to maximise human well-being in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, The DAC Guidelines: Strategies for Sustainable Development)

The fundamental link between human health and sustainable development was the first principle in the preamble of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development adopted at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It states that "Human beings are at the centre of concern for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature."

Consistent with these concepts, Health Canada is committed to supporting and contributing to the FSDS by delivering on its core vision and mission:

To help Canadians maintain and improve their health and to make this country's population among the healthiest in the world as measured by longevity, lifestyle and effective use of the public health care system.

Implicit in this vision is the recognition that social, economic and environmental conditions play an important role in determining the state of human health, for both present and future generations, as reflected in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Relationship of social, economic and environmental conditions and the state of human health

figure 1

3. Managing Sustainable Development at Health Canada

Health Canada integrates sustainable development in its policies and operations:

3.1 Internal Management Structure on Sustainable Development

Accountabilities related to sustainable development have been established and articulated in Health Canada's Sustainable Development PolicyFootnote 2. It specifies the responsibilities of leaders so that priority sustainable development objectives are integrated in planning and decision-making of policies and programs.

Health Canada's Office of Sustainable Development is the coordinating body for sustainable development within the Department. Its role is to develop, promote and provide expert advice across the Department concerning sustainable development and its principles and application to policy, planning and operations, including SEA.

Decisions related to sustainable development and how it applies to Health Canada are brought to Health Canada's senior executive level committees.

The Department provides training on sustainable development to managers and employees to enable them to more effectively consider and apply the ecologically efficient use of natural, social and economic resources in decision-making pertaining to policy, plan and program development.

Health Canada contributes to the federal approach to sustainable development by participating in the following interdepartmental working groups:

3.2 Integration with Health Canada's expenditure, planning and reporting processes

As part of the larger Government of Canada reporting on FSDS, Health Canada has integrated its specific sustainable development commitments in the Report on Plans and Priorities and this document, which together form Health Canada's SDS. Health Canada will report on progress against these commitments in its annual Departmental Performance Report.

The implementation strategies for which Health Canada is responsible under the FSDS are fully integrated into the Department's management resources and results structure to underpin departmental planning.

As a basis for reporting, Health Canada will measure and monitor its progress against FSDS commitments as follows:

3.3 Application of Analytical Tools and Techniques

Integrating sustainable development into policies, plans and programs can be supported by the use of analytical techniques and management practices that consider, compare and integrate environmental, social and economic objectives and address long-term concerns. Health Canada utilizes various analytical techniques to inform decision-making and manage risk around policies, plans and programs: cost-benefit and risk-benefit analyses (Treasury Board submissions); science and evidence-based analysis for developing policy, legislative or regulatory proposals; and modelling techniques (e.g., controlled experiments, comparative simulations, micro-simulation, and statistical modelling) to simulate policy impacts and project future scenarios. In addition, Health Canada has internal capacity in applied economic analysis on issues related to sustainable development.

Risk management as a technique is embedded into Health Canada's culture in order to improve decision-making and provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of corporate objectives and desired outcomes. Health Canada has developed an Integrated Risk Management Framework and Health Canada's Decision-making Framework for Identifying, Assessing, and Managing Health Risks. These frameworks promote taking a broad perspective to risk assessment and management which takes into account factors such as risks versus benefits and potential social (health, cultural, ethical, legal and political), environmental, economic and other impact considerations of interested and affected parties.

Health Canada applies a precautionary approach to decision-making that considers potential threats to health. For example, the precautionary principle is identified in the preambles of two pieces of legislation and in the body of another for which Health Canada has regulatory responsibilities: the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act (CCPSA) the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) and the Pest Control Products Act (PCPA). There are slight variations in each version.

"Whereas the Government of Canada is committed to implementing the precautionary principle that, where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation." CEPA 1999

"Whereas the Parliament of Canada recognizes that a lack of full scientific certainty is not to be used as a reason for postponing measures that prevent adverse effects on human health if those effects could be serious or irreversible" CCPSA 2010

20 (2) "Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent adverse health impact or environmental degradation." PCPA 2002

In accordance with the  Cabinet Directive on Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals, Health Canada's policies, plans and programs destined for ministerial or Cabinet approval, and the implementation of which may have important environmental effects, either positive or negative, require a SEA. As a means of supporting this work, Health Canada will implement a new departmental policy on SEA and revise existing guidelines to coincide with requirements set out in the revised 2010 Guidelines for Implementing the Cabinet Directive.

4. Health Canada's Sustainable Development Strategy: An Overview

family

Health Canada's SDS provides an essential link between its programs and activities and the FSDS. Health Canada's SDS supports the first FSDS in three thematic areas:

Consistent with its vision, Health Canada contributes to the identified themes of the FSDS from the perspective of addressing environmental risks to human health.

For the most part, Health Canada's contribution to the FSDS goals, targets and implementation strategies is achieved through the normal course of departmental programs, activities and decision-making. The goals and targets related to shrinking the government's environmental footprint have been newly enunciated and required the articulation of new implementation strategies and initiatives within existing funding envelopes.

The following provides an overview of the commitments Health Canada has made. Refer to Annexes 1, 2 and 3 for more detailed information on these commitments and their corresponding implementation strategies.

4.1 FSDS Theme 1: Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality

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Health Canada is actively engaged in addressing climate change and air quality. Although some hazardous contaminants in the air, such as lead, have declined in recent years, others remain and continue to be problematic. Canada is a large industrialized country, responsible for the release of a variety of pollutants into the air. In addition to this, certain areas of Canada are located downwind of industrialized areas of the United States, with resultant higher levels of pollution. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. They also increase risk of certain types of cancer. Climate change also affects the health and well-being of Canadians by increasing risks associated with such issues as extreme heat events, respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, natural hazards, water and food borne contamination, vector borne and zoonotic diseases, certain cancers and socio-economic impacts.

As part of this action plan, Health Canada will pursue scientific research, risk assessment, monitoring and reporting of climate change and air quality factors that impact human health. This information will support Health Canada and other Government of Canada bodies in developing protection, mitigation and response initiatives including: legislative and regulatory compliance; development of new regulations, policies and programs; and monitoring of and compliance with international agreements to which Canada is a signatory.

Specifically, with respect to climate change, Health Canada is working to increase knowledge about how changing climatic conditions affect human health and to apply that knowledge to supports regulatory program development and greenhouse gas emission reduction initiatives. This knowledge will also be used to develop tools, guidelines and programs to help Canadians adapt to, and protect themselves from, changing climatic conditions.

With respect to air quality, Health Canada is pursuing efforts to address both indoor and outdoor air quality for such substances as indoor radon and mould, existing commercial substances under the Chemicals Management Plan, and new chemical substances. Health exposure and risk assessments are completed to develop indoor and outdoor ambient air quality guidelines and standards so that risk management measures are in place to protect human health. Fuels and emission management technologies are also assessed for potential adverse effects.

In addition, Health Canada communicates outdoor pollution health risks to Canadians through such tools as the Air Quality Health Index and other focused reports. Health Canada also collaborates with other international and federal government departments to support international agreements for reducing health risks. Such international initiatives include the Canada-United States Border Air Quality Strategy which identifies effects of transboundary air pollution on human health under the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement (1991), and the Gothenburg Protocol to Reduce Ozone, Acidification and Eutrophication under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

4.2 FSDS Theme 2: Maintaining Water Quality and Availability

researchers

Access to clean, safe and secure water is crucial for the health of Canadians. Health Canada will continue to help protect Canadians by developing health-based water guidelines that contribute to increasing the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility risk ratings by 2013; and provide provinces and territories with data for establishing their own drinking water quality regulatory requirements. Guidance on water quality includes drinking water, recreational water and water re-use.

The Department will collaborate with First Nations communities and other federal departments to continue to enhance First Nations communities' capacity to protect their public health through monitoring of drinking water quality and wastewater disposal, and to provide First Nations with communications products and tools to enhance public awareness and knowledge about environmental health.

In addition, Health Canada will work with Environment Canada to reduce health risks to Canadians posed by harmful substances by assessing existing commercial substances identified under the Chemicals Management Plan and new substances for which Environment Canada has been notified by industry of their intended manufacture, use or import. Health exposure and risk assessments will be completed to develop water quality guidelines and standards so that risk management measures are in place to protect human health.

4.3 FSDS Theme 4: Shrinking the Environmental Footprint - Beginning with Government

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The federal government departments leave a considerable environmental footprint ranging from the energy used to heat and cool buildings and operate vehicle fleets, the purchase of goods and services, the delivery of programs to Canadians and the use and disposal of electronic equipment as part of its operations. Health Canada employs approximately 11,000 people across Canada and operates over 600 vehicles.

Health Canada commits to contribute to the Government of Canada effort to minimize the environmental footprint of its operations and is undertaking the following  Greening Government Operations (GGO) initiatives:

Details concerning  Health Canada's GGO initiatives can be viewed on the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat's website.

5. Conclusion

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Health Canada's first SDS under the FSDS demonstrates its commitment to sustainable development and how that commitment is implicit in its core vision and mission:

To help Canadians maintain and improve their health and to make Canada's population among the healthiest in the world as measured by longevity, lifestyle and effective use of the public health care system.

This strategy improves transparency and accountability of environmental decision-making at Health Canada through the improved use of existing tools such as Reports on Plans and Priorities, Departmental Performance Reports and  Strategic Environmental Assessment. In essence, it more effectively integrates consideration of environmental sustainable development into the heart of decision-making and reporting.

As the FSDS process matures and evolves, Health Canada will assess its progress and seek ways to improve its integration of the three pillars of sustainable development - environmental, social, and economic. This will better reflect the broad range of activities Health Canada engages in to serve the current and future health needs of Canadians.

Annex 1: Theme 1: Addressing Climate Change and Air Quality

The following implementation strategies reflect Health Canada's initiatives and priorities for environmental sustainability under Theme 1 of the FSDS. Health Canada undertakes these implementation strategies as a means of contributing to the targets set out in the FSDS.

Implementation strategies are organized under federal goals and targets. The following details are available for each implementation strategy listed:

Additional details about overarching goals are available in the FSDS.

1. Goal: Climate Change

Reduce greenhouse gas emission levels to mitigate the severity and unavoidable impacts of climate change.

1.1 Target: Climate Change Mitigation

Relative to 2005 emission levels, reduce Canada's total greenhouse gas emissions 17% by 2020.

Implementation Strategy 1.1.5

Implementation Strategy for the Clean Air Agenda

Undertake and deliver scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits, and technology assessments. (Environment Canada, Health Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada)

Description of the Implementation Strategy

Climate change is expected to increase the risk to the health of Canadians in a number of areas including air and water quality, extreme weather events and infectious diseases. The extent of these effects depends on how quickly our climate changes, and on how well we adapt to the new environmental conditions and risks to health.

Extreme heat poses a growing risk to the health and well-being of Canadians as climate change is expected to produce a greater intensity, frequency and duration of extreme heat events. Public health and emergency management officials in several Canadian communities are already taking actions to reduce their vulnerability to heat-health risks. Communities and individuals are seeking information about the most effective ways to protect themselves, their families and those most at-risk.

To support these efforts, Health Canada is taking action to help Canadians become more resilient in the face of a changing climate. By 2011, Health Canada will have implemented pilot Heat Alert and Response Systems (HARS) in four Canadian communities; developed a Best Practices Guide in Developing HARS; produced a set of Guidelines for Health Care Professionals for Extreme Heat Events; and written a communications toolkit in the event of extreme heat.

Through 2011-2015, Health Canada will build upon the experiences learned through previous actions to expand the application of adaptation measures to reduce the vulnerability of communities and individuals to extreme heat events. This will include strengthening relations with communities that have adopted HARS as well as working with new communities and regions. To this end, Health Canada will continue its work with health care professionals and emergency planners.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates indirectly to Target 1.1 Climate Change Mitigation by preparing Canadians for extreme heat events, Health Canada is assisting in implementing the measures needed to adapt to a changing climate.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Increased application of heat alert and response systems by Canadian communities.

By 2013, up to three new communities have implemented heat alert and response systems.

2. Goal: Air Pollution

Minimize the threats to air quality so that the air Canadians breathe is clean and supports healthy ecosystems.

2.1 Target: Air Pollutants

Reduce air pollutants in order to maintain or improve air quality across the country and achieve the emission targets which are currently under development in consultations with provinces and stakeholders.

Implementation Strategy 2.1.2

Implementation Strategy for the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda

Undertake scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs delivered, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits including economic and social and technology assessments. (Environment Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Health Canada, Transport Canada)

Description of the Implementation Strategy

Through this implementation strategy, Health Canada plays an important role in improving ambient air quality and protecting the health of Canadians through the following broad range of activities. Research studies are conducted to determine what substances Canadians may be exposed to from ambient air. Health risk assessments on these and other substances are carried out in order to develop ambient air quality standards that are used by public health professionals and regulators to better manage air quality. Conventional fuels and their alternatives, as well as fuel emission management technologies, are assessed for any potential adverse impacts from their use or introduction into the Canadian marketplace. Economic research supports the development of cost-benefit analyses for proposed government options to control air pollution sources.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 2.1 Air Pollutants by supporting improvements to air quality and associated human health risks through research assessing the health risks posed by substances Canadians may be exposed to from ambient air and supporting the development of ambient air quality standards.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Trend data shows improvements in air quality and health benefits.

Baseline for air quality and health benefit improvements to be set in 2013-2014. Following that, air quality and health benefit improvements will be reported every three years, by percentage change over the period.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2014

Number of planned regulations, standards and guidelines developed in support of risk management strategies, leading to improvements in air quality.

Complete particulate matter and ozone ambient air quality standards to drive emission reduction and assess effectiveness of regulatory framework.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Number of assessments and studies in support of standards and guidelines by product type (assessment, study).

Complete two draft substance assessments and three sector-based assessments of air pollutants in support of regulations, standards and guidelines for ambient air.

Complete one health impacts assessment of a selected fuel or greenhouse gas mitigation technology to support policy and risk management actions.

Complete three research studies and three exposure studies, to provide information on health effects of air pollutants, as well as exposure and source data for indoor and outdoor contaminants.

Knowledge generated as needed on health impacts of air pollution using the Air Quality Benefit Assessment Tool.

Air Quality Benefit Assessment Tool is successful in providing information on benefits of proposed air quality management options in support of objectives, standards and regulations.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Number of knowledge transfer activities (e.g. citations, workshops, posters, peer reviewed publications, etc.) by:

  • area of focus (water, air, climate change); and
  • target group.

Seven air quality knowledge transfer activities and provision of advice on a yearly basis for air quality.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 2.1.3

Implementation Strategy for the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda

Communicate outdoor air pollution health risks to Canadians through the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI): Continue development of the AQHI and support implementation into additional census metropolitan areas (CMAs). The AQHI provides current and forecast air quality information and advice on health risks in order to assist Canadians in making decisions on how to reduce their level of exposure. (Health Canada, Environment Canada)

Description of the Implementation Strategy

The AQHI is a tool designed to help Canadians make decisions to protect their health by limiting short-term exposure to air pollution and adjusting their activity levels during increased levels of air pollution. It also provides advice on how Canadians can improve the quality of the air they breathe. This tool has been developed by Health Canada and Environment Canada, in collaboration with the provinces and key health and environment stakeholders.

This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution and provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

Through the development and implementation of the AQHI, Health Canada indirectly supports Target 2.1 Air Pollutants by providing Canadians with a tool to assess their potential risk associated with air pollution in real time on a daily basis and with research on the impacts of air quality on the health.

This implementation strategy also directly relates to Target 2.1 Air Pollutants by providing advice on how Canadians can reduce their exposure to air pollution.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Percent increase in the number of Canadians with access to the AQHI.

10% increase per year based on baseline of approximately 50% coverage in 2010-2011.

Date to achieve target: 80% coverage by 2014-2015

Implementation Strategy 2.1.8

Implementation Strategy for the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda

Continue to work collaboratively with provinces and territories to develop and implement a coherent approach to managing air quality, including national ambient air quality standards and national industrial emissions requirements for key pollutants. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of the Implementation Strategy

This activity plays an important role in improving ambient air quality and protecting the health of Canadians through a broad range of activities. Research studies are conducted to determine what substances Canadians may be exposed to from ambient air. Health risk assessments on these and other substances are carried out in order to develop air quality standards that are used by provincial/territorial and federal regulators to better manage air quality. Conventional fuels and their alternatives, as well as fuel emission management technologies, are assessed for any potential adverse impacts from their use or introduction into the Canadian marketplace. Economic research supports the development of cost-benefit analyses for proposed government options to control air pollution sources.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy supports Target 2.1 Air Pollutants through Health Canada's provision of research, assessments and guidelines to provinces and territories, which helps to ensure a coherent approach to managing air quality.

Further, Health Canada's assessment of the potential adverse impacts of conventional fuels and their alternatives and fuel emission management technologies, as well as our cost-benefit analyses for proposed government options to control air pollution sources support the development of national industrial and transportation emissions requirements for key pollutants.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Trends in air quality-related health outcomes.

Baseline for air quality and health benefit improvements to be set in 2013-2014. Following that, health outcomes and changes in benefits from actions to improve air quality will be reported every three years, by percentage change over the period.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2014

Number of planned regulations, standards and guidelines developed in support of risk management strategies, leading to improvements in air quality.

Complete particulate matter and ozone ambient air quality standards to drive emission reduction and assess effectiveness of regulatory framework.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Number of knowledge transfer activities (e.g. citations, workshops, posters, peer reviewed publications, etc.) by:

  • area of focus (water, air, climate change); and
  • target group.

Seven air quality knowledge transfer activities and provision of advice on a yearly basis for air quality.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 2.1.31

Implementation Strategy for International Negotiation

Work with the United States to reduce transboundary emissions under the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

The Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement was signed by Canada and the United States in 1991, to address transboundary air pollution leading to acid rain. Both countries agreed to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the primary precursors to acid rain, and to work together on acid rain related scientific and technical cooperation.

In 2003, Canada and the United States signed on to the Border Air Quality Strategy to build on the success of the 1991 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement which saw reductions in acid rain in the 1990s and today is reducing transboundary air pollutants.

Following on the Border Air Quality Strategy, Health Canada is collaborating with its partners (American officials, other federal departments, provincial and municipal governments, industry and business interests, non-government organizations, health professionals and academics) to identify and assess the negative impacts of transboundary air pollution on human health and contribute to the development of a framework for coordinated airshed management.

Under the current Clean Air Agenda, Health Canada is involved in the development of a comprehensive air quality system which will lead to reductions in industrial air emissions and provide a base for negotiating a Particulate Matter Annex to the Air Quality Agreement.

In addition, Health Canada conducts:

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 2.1 Air Pollutants. A significant level of air pollution in certain areas of Canada can be directly attributed to United States industrial sources. Additionally, some Canadian industrial facilities contribute to air pollution in the United States. This implementation strategy relates to the FSDS target in providing a forum in which shared air quality strategies can be addressed and agreements to reduce emissions can be reached.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Number of planned regulations, standards and guidelines developed in support of risk management strategies, leading to improvements in air quality.

Complete particulate matter and ozone ambient air quality standards to drive emission reduction and assess effectiveness of regulatory framework.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 2.1.35

Implementation Strategy for International Negotiation

Participate in negotiations for revisions of the Gothenburg Protocol to Reduce Ozone, Acidification and Eutrophication under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP). (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

The Convention on LRTAP was signed 1979 to address major environmental problems in UNECE region through scientific collaboration and policy negotiations. The Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone was added to the Convention in 1999.

Health Canada as a member of the UNECE LRTAP Health Effects Task Group continues to provide advice and guidance into World Health Organization and European Union air quality initiatives, including the Gothenburg Protocol.

The Gothenburg Protocol sets emission ceilings for 2010 for four pollutants: sulphur, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia. These ceilings were negotiated on the basis of scientific assessments of pollution effects and abatement options. Some discussions are underway to incorporate black carbon (in the context of particulate matter) into the protocol. Other LRTAP protocols include persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals.

Additionally, Health Canada is a member of the Working Group on Strategies and Review under the UNECE LRTAP Convention.

These venues provide an opportunity for an international exchange on current science and new developments which assists Canada in positioning regulatory initiatives.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 2.1 Air Pollutants by negotiating and setting emission ceilings for 2010 for four pollutants: sulphur, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Participate in meetings of LRTAP working groups and provide advice, as needed, to LRTAP Protocol science assessment process for pollutant emissions.

Participate in consideration of emission level for black carbon component of particulate matter.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2015 (to be confirmed)

2.2 Target: Indoor Air Quality

Help protect the health of Canadians by assessing indoor air pollutants and developing guidelines and other tools to better manage indoor air quality.

Implementation Strategy 2.2.1

Implementation Strategy for Indoor Air Quality

Conduct exposure and risk assessments and source identification studies to support guideline development on priority indoor air contaminants. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Health Canada plays an important role in improving indoor air quality and protecting the health of Canadians through a broad range of activities. Research studies are conducted to determine what substances Canadians may be exposed to in their homes or other indoor environments. Health risk assessments on these and other substances are carried out in order to develop indoor air quality guidelines that are used by public health professionals and regulators to better manage air quality. Communications products will be developed for the general public and public health professionals and will include recommended actions aimed at improving indoor air quality.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 2.2 Indoor Air Quality by developing guidelines and standards to better manage indoor air quality and by developing advice for public health professionals and Canadians on how exposure to air pollutants can be reduced.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Number of planned regulations, standards and guidelines developed in support of risk management strategies, leading to improvements in air quality.

Number of planned risk management strategies incorporated in building codes, and communicated through targeted information products, thereby reducing risk to health.

Publish at least two indoor air guidelines in Canada Gazette Part 1 for consultation.

Develop at least two communication products to inform Canadians.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Number of assessments and studies in support of standards and guidelines by: product type (assessment, study).

Conduct screening assessments of indoor air contaminants to identify priorities for full assessments.

Complete two draft assessments in support of guidelines and other risk management strategies for indoor air.

Complete one research study and one exposure study to provide information on health effects of air pollutants, as well as exposure and source data for indoor contaminants.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 2.2.2

Implementation Strategy for Indoor Air Quality

Create a database of indoor radon concentrations, map areas of high radon potential in Canada, test for radon in federal buildings in high-risk, radon-prone areas. The strategy includes a radon awareness program. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

The implementation strategy is comprised of three primary components:

  1. Development of a radon potential map of Canada: using geology, aerial surveys and fieldwork to identify levels of natural radiation in targeted areas, the Department will map areas of high radon potential in Canada. This component is expected to lead to increased knowledge of risks, health impacts and mitigation strategies related to radon.
  2. Testing of radon in federal buildings located in high risk radon-prone areas: by testing for radon in approximately 10,000 federal sites located in known and/or potentially high-risk radon areas, it is expected there will be increased knowledge of risks, health impacts and mitigation strategies related to radon.
  3. Radon education and awareness program: through the design, implementation and coordination of a broad-based public awareness and education campaign, the Department aims to improve public awareness of health risks and causes of elevated radon, and inform Canadians of strategies to reduce their risk. The Health Canada radon awareness program focuses on raising awareness of radon and the potential health risks from exposure, as well as encouraging Canadians to test their homes and to reduce radon levels, if necessary.

In addition, a database of indoor radon concentrations will be developed and will be updated as new information is acquired from residential surveys, radon measurement service providers and members of the public. This information is important to perform validation of models used to produce a radon potential map.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.2 Indoor Air Quality.

The Department will create a database of indoor radon concentrations, map areas of high radon potential in Canada, and test for radon in federal buildings within high-risk, radon-prone areas. By assessing indoor air pollutants, including radon and other pollutants, there will be increased knowledge of risks, health impacts and mitigation strategies related to indoor air quality. As part of this strategy, the Department will also carry out a radon awareness program, which aims to improve public awareness of health risks and causes of elevated radon, and inform Canadians of strategies to improve it.

This departmental strategy will lead to increased use of knowledge by government to develop regulations, guidelines and recommendations, and increase the use of knowledge by the public to reduce health risks associated with radon and other pollutants.

Over time, these outcomes will indirectly contribute to reducing the adverse effects of poor indoor air on the health of Canadians.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets
  • Number of federal buildings tested for radon by 2011-2012.

2,000 federal buildings.

  • Number of hits on Health Canada radon web page;
  • Number of downloads of Radon: A Guide for Canadian Homeowners;
  • Number of public inquiries;
  • Number of brochures and fact sheets ordered.

10% increase in hits and downloads over each previous year.

Date to achieve target: Ongoing (data to be assessed on an annual basis).

  • Percent of data inputted into database.

100% of data received inputted by end of fiscal year.

  • Number of field soil measurement projects completed in major population centres in 2011-2012;
  • Number of documents completed on mapping radon potential areas;
  • Number of provinces mapped for radon potential.

One field soil measurement project completed in three communities in British Columbia.

Validated map of southern Ontario completed by 2011-2012.

Protocol for mapping radon potential using numerous data parameters and process for validation completed by 2011-2012.

Implementation Strategy 2.2.3

Implementation Strategy for Indoor Air Quality

Implement the health promotion campaign on mould as part of the National Strategy to Address Mould in First Nations Communities. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Clean air is essential to good health and is especially true for indoor air. Health Canada considers mould growth in residential buildings to be a potential health hazard. People living in buildings where mould grows are more likely to suffer from health problems, especially symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and headaches. Asthmatics are especially at risk as mould may trigger asthma attacks. People respond to mould in different ways depending on the amount of exposure and the person's overall health. While this issue can impact the health of all Canadians, Health Canada has a specific role with respect to First Nations communities.

First Nations residents who are better informed about mould are able to take appropriate actions to prevent mould growth, remediate as needed, and minimize the potential risks to their health and of their family members.

The results of Public Opinion Research, conducted in 2007 showed that 57% of First Nations community members knew something about mould. Only 33% of those with mould could suggest any way of removing it and even less (20%) could suggest methods for preventing mould growth in their home.

In order to enhance public awareness and knowledge of mould issues and increase the confidence of First Nations residents in their ability to do simple actions to prevent, or remediate mould in their homes, Health Canada develops and distributes mould communication products.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

The Health Promotion Campaign as a part of the National Strategy to Address Mould in First Nations Communities aims to increase awareness of the relationship between prolonged exposure to indoor mould and the risks to personal and family health; increase knowledge of how to identify mould and prevent it; and increase knowledge of what can be done if mould is found (remediation). Thus, the campaign directly contributes to the achievement of Target 2.2 Indoor Air Quality.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 3: First Nations and Inuit communities and individuals received health services and benefits that are responsive to their needs so as to improve their health status.

Health Canada, working with the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, is in the process of developing an evaluation plan as a part of the National Strategy to Address Mould in First Nations Communities.

2.3 Target: Chemicals Management

Reduce risks to Canadians and impacts on the environment posed by harmful substances as a result of decreased environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Implementation Strategy 2.3.4

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Assess 100% of existing commercial substances as identified under the Chemicals Management Plan for risks to human health and/or the environment (100% of total of 4300 by 2020). (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by existing substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include risk assessments of existing (post-market) substances and developing risk management strategies, policies and regulations for substances determined as harmful to human health, as a complement to Environment Canada's review of environmental impacts. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk.

Health Canada's research on the nature of existing substances and Canadians' exposure to them forms a scientifically grounded foundation from which to assess the impact of chemical substances on Canadian health and to guide risk management or regulatory actions for substances determined to be harmful to human health.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

By assessing existing commercial substances as identified under the Chemicals Management Plan for risks to human health, Health Canada determines if any of those substances present a large enough risk of harm to Canadian health to require risk management or regulatory action to control their use, import and distribution. It is directly through those actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Level of exposure to substances of concern.

To be established based on baseline to be set after release of cycle 1 in 2010.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Percent of targets/service standards met for existing substances; for 'In Commerce List' substances; and for new substances by:

  • type of regulatory action taken; and
  • result of regulatory action.

100% of targeted substances, 2011, ongoing.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Efficiency of key Regulatory System Services:

  • Number and percent of existing substances under the Chemicals Management Plan assessed for risk to human health within targets set.

100% of substances assessed within targeted/regulated timelines.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Percent of substances assessed to be harmful to human health for which at least one risk management instrument was developed within mandated timeframes.

100% of substances assessed to be harmful to human health.

Date to achieve target: February 2012

Report on level of exposure in humans of substances of concern by substance.

Canadian Health Measures Survey report published every three years (next report to be published in 2013).

Implementation Strategy 2.3.5

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Assess 100% of new substances, for which Environment Canada has been notified by industry of their intended manufacture or import, to determine if they are suspected of being toxic within the timelines in the regulation or established services standards. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by new substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include assessing and managing potential health risks associated with new (pre-market) substances, with the presence of new substances in United States Food and Drug Administration regulated products in the environment and with the products of biotechnology that are about to enter the Canadian market. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

Health Canada assesses substances and products of biotechnology that are new to the Canadian market to determine the potential exposure to the Canadian public, and whether they are harmful to human health. For new substances in Food & Drugs Act regulated products, the Department also assesses potential harm to the environment.

Health Canada's research forms a scientifically grounded assessment that guides risk management or regulatory actions controlling the use, import and distribution of substances determined to be harmful to human health. It is directly through these actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Level of exposure to substances of concern.

To be established based on baseline to be set after release of cycle 1 in 2010.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Efficiency of key Regulatory System Services:

  • Number and percent new substances for which Health Canada has been notified by industry of their manufacture or import that are assessed within regulated timelines or established service standards to determine if they are suspected of being harmful to human health or the environment.

100% of substances assessed within targeted/regulated timelines.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 2.3.8

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Ensure at least one risk management measure is in place within the legally mandated timeframes for 100% of substances added to the List of Toxic Substances. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by new and existing substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include risk assessments of existing (post-market) substances and developing risk management strategies, policies and regulations for substances determined as harmful to human health, as a complement to Environment Canada's review of environmental impacts. Health Canada activities also include assessing and managing potential health risks associated with new (pre-market) substances and products of biotechnology that are about to enter the Canadian market. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk. Health Canada's chemical management responsibilities further include acting as an Expert Support Department in helping to assess human health risks in contaminated site management (Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan) and in development projects (Canadian Environmental Assessment Act).

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Department develops and implements risk management strategies, policies and regulations to manage the potential risks posed by substances that are assessed to be harmful to human health. This implementation strategy relates to the FSDS targets by ensuring that timely risk management measures are put in place to mitigate human exposure and reduce the risk to Canadians posed by harmful substances.

It is directly through these risk management actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to harmful substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Percent of substances assessed to be harmful to human health for which at least one risk management instrument was developed within mandated timeframes.

100% of substances assessed to be harmful to human health have at least one risk management instrument developed within mandated timeframes.

Date to achieve target: February 2012

Annex 2: Theme 2: Maintaining Water Quality and Availability

The following implementation strategies reflect Health Canada's initiatives and priorities for environmental sustainability under Theme 2 of the FSDS. Health Canada undertakes these implementation strategies as a means of contributing to the targets set out in the FSDS.

Implementation strategies are organized under federal goals and targets. The following details are available for each implementation strategy listed:

Additional details about overarching goals are available in the  FSDS.

3. Goal: Water Quality

Protect and enhance the quality of water so that it is clean, safe and secure for all Canadians and supports healthy ecosystems.

3.10 Target: Drinking Water Quality

Increase the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility risk ratings by 2013Footnote 3.

Implementation Strategy 3.10.3

Implementation Strategy for the Percentage of First Nations Communities with acceptable Water and Wastewater Facility Risk Ratings

Work with First Nations communities to increase the frequency of testing drinking water quality. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

The responsibility for drinking water quality and adequate wastewater disposal on First Nations communities, south of 60° parallel, is shared among Chief and Council, Health Canada, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, and Environment Canada. Health Canada assists First Nations communities in establishing drinking water quality monitoring programs. This includes the following:

Health Canada aims to ensure that drinking water quality in First Nations communities is tested as per the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). The latest edition of the GCDWQ set out the basic parameters all drinking water systems should strive to achieve in order to deliver clean, safe and reliable drinking water at tap. Although the overall frequency of drinking water quality testing as per the GCDWQ in First Nations distribution systems has increased over the last few years, not all distribution systems are tested at the frequencies recommended in the GCDWQ.

In order to increase the frequency of drinking water quality testing, Health Canada will continue to work with First Nations communities to identify challenges with meeting recommended testing frequencies and implementing appropriate actions.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

There is an indirect relationship between this implementation strategy and Target 3.4 Drinking Water Quality. Over time, working with First Nations communities to identify challenges with meeting recommended testing frequencies and implement appropriate actions will increase the frequency of drinking water quality testing at tap. Regular testing of drinking water quality offers timely identification of potential problems with drinking water quality, minimizing potential risks to public health and therefore contributes to increasing the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility ratings by 2013.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 3: First Nations and Inuit communities and individuals received health services and benefits that are responsive to their needs so as to improve their health status.

As First Nations Water and Wastewater Action Plan funding is only available until 2011-2012, the implementation strategy does not hold for the entire three years of the FSDS.

Performance Indicators Targets FSDS Target Contribution

Percent of distribution systems meeting the testing frequency recommended in the GCDWQ.

By March 2012, a 5% increase from 2010-2011 levels in the number of distribution systems with five or more connections that meet the testing frequency recommended in the GCDWQ.

Health Canada's contribution will be to minimize potential risk to public health by increasing drinking water quality testing.

Implementation Strategy 3.10.6.1 and 3.10.6.2

Implementation Strategy for the Percentage of First Nations Communities with acceptable Water and Wastewater Facility Risk Ratings

Continue to enhance capacity to monitor drinking water quality in First Nations communities to protect public health:

  • 3.10.6.1 Support all First Nations communities in ensuring access to a trained Community-Based Water Monitor (CBWM) or Environmental Health Officer (EHO). (Health Canada)
  • 3.10.6.2 Support all First Nations communities in monitoring drinking water quality as per the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ). (Health Canada)
Description of Implementation Strategy

In First Nations communities, EHOs and CBWMs share responsibility for drinking water quality monitoring at tap as per the GCDWQ. EHOs monitor drinking water quality for bacteriological, chemical, physical and radiological parameters, interpret drinking water quality results, disseminate results to First Nations authorities and maintain quality assurance. CBWMs are First Nations community members trained by an EHO. They are responsible for monitoring bacteriological water quality and disseminating results.

Capacity to monitor drinking water quality as per the GCDWQ in First Nations communities is supported by Health Canada through the provision of funding to Chief and Council for drinking water monitoring through the CBWM program, and training of CBWMs to monitor the drinking water for potential bacteriological contamination as a final check on the overall safety of the drinking water at tap. EHOs and CBWMs are the primary service providers with respect to drinking water quality monitoring, and it is therefore important to provide them with the support necessary to perform their duties effectively to better protect public health of First Nations residents.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

There is an indirect relationship between this implementation strategy and Target 3.4 Drinking Water Quality. Over time, continuing to enhance capacity to monitor drinking water quality in First Nations communities will increase the frequency of drinking water quality testing at tap. Regular testing of drinking water quality offers timely identification of potential problems with drinking water quality, minimizing potential risks to public health and therefore contributing to increasing the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility ratings by 2013.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

As First Nations Water and Wastewater Action Plan funding is only available until 2011-2012, the implementation strategy does not hold for the entire three years of the FSDS. Continuation of the implementation strategy is pending extension of funding after March 31, 2012.

Strategic Outcome 3: First Nations and Inuit communities and individuals received health services and benefits that are responsive to their needs so as to improve their health status.

Performance Indicators Targets FSDS Target Contribution

Percent of First Nations communities that have access to a trained CBWM or an EHO.

By March 2012, all First Nations communities will have access to a trained CBWM or EHO.

Health Canada's contribution will be to minimize potential risk to public health by providing First Nations communities access to a trained CBWM or EHO.

Percent of distribution systems meeting the testing frequency recommended in the GCDWQ.

By March 2012, a 5% increase from 2010-11 levels in the number of distribution systems with five or more connections that meet the testing frequency recommended in the GCDWQ.

Health Canada's contribution will be to minimize potential risk to public health by increasing drinking water quality testing.

Implementation Strategy 3.10.8

Implementation Strategy for the Percentage of First Nations Communities with acceptable Water and Wastewater Facility Risk Ratings

Continue to provide First Nations with communications products to enhance public awareness and knowledge as well as increase the confidence of First Nations residents about the safety of their drinking water supply. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Due to the complexities of water quality issues, and because public health is at stake, it is critical for First Nations residents to have access to appropriate information regarding drinking water quality issues. First Nations residents are better informed about their water quality, roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders, and day-to-day actions that they can take to protect the health of their family members minimize risk to their health.

In addition, the results of Public Opinion Research that was commissioned in 2009 showed that just over 75% of First Nations respondents feel that information on water quality testing procedures, testing frequency, and acceptable levels of contaminants in tap water and tap water quality would help them feel more confident about the quality of their drinking water.

In order to enhance public awareness and knowledge of water quality issues, as well as increase the confidence of First Nations residents about the safety of their drinking water supply, Health Canada develops and distributes drinking water-related communication products aimed at a First Nations audience.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

There is an indirect relationship between this implementation strategy and Target 3.4 Drinking Water Quality. Over time, continuing to provide First Nations with drinking water-related communications products will enhance public awareness and knowledge, as well as increase the confidence of First Nations residents, about the safety of their drinking water supply. Greater awareness of water quality testing procedures and frequency, acceptable levels of contaminants in tap water and tap water quality enables residents to better understand and prioritize the implementation of protective measures (such as drinking water advisories). This will reduce potential risks to public health and therefore will contribute to increasing the percentage of First Nations communities with acceptable water and wastewater facility risk ratings by 2013.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

As First Nations Water and Wastewater Action Plan funding is only available until 2011-2012, the implementation strategy does not hold for the entire three years of the FSDS.

Strategic Outcome 3: First Nations and Inuit communities and individuals received health services and benefits that are responsive to their needs so as to improve their health status.

Performance Indicators Targets FSDS Target Contribution

Number of communications products developed for First Nations on how to protect public health and prevent drinking water contamination in First Nations communities.

By March 2012, four communication products will be developed and distributed to First Nations residents.

Health Canada's contribution will be to raise awareness of First Nations residents of drinking water-related issues.

3.11 Target: Drinking Water Quality

Help protect the health of Canadians by developing health-based water guidelines.

Implementation Strategy 3.11.2

Implementation Strategy for Health-Based Water Guidelines

Update "Guidance for providing safe drinking water in areas of federal jurisdiction." (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

This involves developing and updating a guidance document for federal departments that have responsibilities for producing and/or providing safe drinking water in areas of federal jurisdiction. This includes federal lands (e.g. national parks), federal facilities (e.g. military bases) and First Nations communities. The document is produced by the Interdepartmental Working Group on Drinking Water, for which Health Canada provides the scientific secretariat. Health Canada provides scientific guidance and expertise for the document, which is updated regularly and is founded on a multi-barrier approach to providing safe drinking water. It incorporates the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality as the minimum standard for safe drinking water.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 3.11 Drinking Water Quality by providing scientific guidance and advice so that federal departments can meet their responsibilities for providing safe drinking water in a manner that is based on the multi-barrier approach and health-based water quality guidelines.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Number of water quality guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territorial committees by product type (guideline, guidance document).

Five guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territory committees annually.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 3.11.7

Implementation Strategy for Health-Based Water Guidelines

Develop up to five guidelines and guidance on water quality (i.e. drinking water, recreational water and water re-use) in collaboration with provinces/territories, supported by technical documents, as a basis for their regulatory requirements. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

This includes the development of development of guidelines for drinking water quality. These guidelines are used by all provinces and territories as the basis for establishing their regulatory requirements for drinking water quality. Guidelines for recreational water quality, and for household reclaimed water, are also developed, and collaboration is undertaken on standards for drinking water materials. Work is done in close collaboration with partners and stakeholders, research related to drinking water is directed and supported by this activity, and partnerships are forged with stakeholders to address key challenges to drinking water safety, including small community drinking water supplies.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 3.11 Drinking Water Quality insofar as the guidelines are based on health risk assessment and developed in collaboration with provinces and territories so that the specific challenges to each region are addressed.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Number of water quality guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territorial committees by product type (guideline, guidance document).

Five guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territory committees annually.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 3.11.10

Implementation Strategy for Health-Based Water Guidelines

Support provinces and territories and internationally by sharing and disseminating scientific risk assessments on drinking water contaminants. (Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

This strategy includes the development of health risk assessments for microbiological and chemical contaminants to support the development of guidelines for drinking water quality, which are used by all provinces and territories as the basis for establishing their regulatory requirements for drinking water quality.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Target 3.11 Drinking Water Quality by providing the scientific risk assessments of the impact of drinking water contaminants on human health to support the development of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Number of water quality guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territorial committees by product type (guideline, guidance document).

Five guidelines/guidance documents approved by federal/provincial/territory committees annually.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

3.12 Target: Chemicals Management

Reduce risks to Canadians and impacts on the environment posed by harmful substances as a result of decreased environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Implementation Strategy 3.12.4

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Assess 100% of existing commercial substances as identified under the Chemicals Management Plan for risks to human health and/or the environment (100% of total of 4300 by 2020). (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by existing substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include risk assessments of existing (post-market) substances and developing risk management strategies, policies and regulations for substances determined as harmful to human health, as a complement to Environment Canada's review of environmental impacts. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk.

Health Canada is in the process of assessing each existing commercial substance identified under the Chemicals Management Plan, both to determine whether they are harmful to human health and to determine the risk of exposure to the Canadian public. Health Canada's research on the nature of existing commercial substances and Canadians' exposure to them form a scientifically grounded, risk-based foundation from which to assess the impact of chemical substances on Canadian health and to guide risk management or regulatory actions for substances determined to be harmful to human health.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

By assessing existing commercial substances as identified under the Chemicals Management Plan for risks to human health, Health Canada determines if any of those substances present a large enough risk of harm to Canadian health to require risk management or regulatory action to control their use, import and distribution. It is directly through those actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Level of exposure to substances of concern.

To be established based on baseline to be set after release of cycle 1 in 2010.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Percent of targets/service standards met for existing substances; for 'In Commerce List' substances; and for new substances by:

  • type of regulatory action taken; and
  • result of regulatory action.

100% of targeted substances, 2011, ongoing.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Efficiency of key Regulatory System Services:

  • Number and percent of existing substances under the Chemicals Management Plan assessed for risk to human health within targets set.

100% of substances assessed within targeted/regulated timelines.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Percent of substances assessed to be harmful to human health for which at least one risk management instrument was developed within mandated timeframes.

100% of substances assessed to be harmful to human health.

Date to achieve target: February 2012

Report on level of exposure in humans of substances of concern by substance.

Canadian Health Measures Survey report published every three years (next report to be published in 2013).

Implementation Strategy 3.12.5

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Assess 100% of new substances, for which Environment Canada has been notified by industry of their intended manufacture or import, to determine if they are suspected of being toxic within the timelines in the regulation or established services standards. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by new substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include assessing and managing potential health risks associated with new (pre-market) substances, with the presence of new substances in United States Food and Drug Administration regulated products in the environment and with the products of biotechnology that are about to enter the Canadian market. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk.

Health Canada assesses substances and products of biotechnology that are new to the Canadian market both to determine whether they are harmful to human health and to determine the risk of exposure to the Canadian public. Health Canada's research on the nature of new commercial substances and the products of biotechnology and Canadians' exposure to them form a scientifically grounded, risk-based foundation from which to assess the impact of chemical substances on Canadian health and to guide risk management or regulatory actions for substances determined to be harmful to human health.

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

Health Canada assesses substances and products of biotechnology that are new to the Canadian market to determine the potential exposure to the Canadian public, and whether they are harmful to human health. For new substances in Food & Drugs Act regulated products, the Department also assesses potential harm to the environment.

Health Canada's research forms a scientifically grounded assessment that guides risk management or regulatory actions controlling the use, import and distribution of substances determined to be harmful to human health. It is directly through these actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to such substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Level of exposure to substances of concern.

To be established based on baseline to be set after release of cycle 1 in 2010.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Efficiency of key Regulatory System Services:

  • Number and percent new substances for which Health Canada has been notified by industry of their manufacture or imports that are assessed within regulated timelines or established service standards to determine if they are suspected of being harmful to human health or the environment.

100% of substances assessed within targeted/regulated timelines.

Date to achieve target: March 31, 2012

Implementation Strategy 3.12.7

Implementation Strategy for Chemicals Management

Ensure at least one risk management measure is in place within the legally mandated timeframes for 100% of substances added to the List of Toxic Substances. (Environment Canada, Health Canada)

Description of Implementation Strategy

Through this program, Health Canada cooperates with Environment Canada under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to assess and manage the potential risks posed by new and existing substances produced, imported or used in Canada. Health Canada activities include risk assessments of existing (post-market) substances and developing risk management strategies, policies and regulations for substances determined as harmful to human health, as a complement to Environment Canada's review of environmental impacts. Health Canada activities also include assessing and managing potential health risks associated with new (pre-market) substances and products of biotechnology that are about to enter the Canadian market. These activities reduce the health risks to Canadians posed by substances by identifying those that may be harmful and taking appropriate steps to reduce this risk. Health Canada's chemical management responsibilities further include acting as an Expert Support Department in helping to assess human health risks in contaminated site management (Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan) and in development projects (Canadian Environmental Assessment Act).

Relationship between the Implementation Strategy and the FSDS Target

This implementation strategy relates to Theme 1 Target 2.3 Chemicals Management and Theme 2 Target 3.12 Chemicals Management.

Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Department develops and implements risk management strategies, policies and regulations to manage the potential risks posed by substances that are assessed to be harmful to human health. This implementation strategy relates to the FSDS targets by ensuring that timely risk management measures are put in place to mitigate human exposure and reduce the risk to Canadians posed by harmful substances.

It is directly through these risk management actions that Health Canada contributes to decreases in environmental concentrations and human exposure to harmful substances.

Link to Health Canada's Program Activity Architecture and Outline of Non-Financial Performance Expectations

Strategic Outcome 2: Canadians are informed of and protected from health risks associated with food, products, substances and environments, and are informed of the benefits of healthy eating.

Performance Indicators Targets

Percent of substances assessed to be harmful to human health for which at least one risk management instrument was developed within mandated timeframes.

100% of substances assessed to be harmful to human health have at least one risk management instrument developed within mandated timeframes.

Date to achieve target: February 2012

4. Goal: Water Availability

Enhance information to ensure that Canadians can manage and use water resources in a manner consistent with the sustainability of the resource.

4.1 Target: Water Resource Management and Use

Promote the conservation and wise use of water to affect a 30 per cent reduction or increased efficiency in water use in various sectors by 2025 (based on 2009 water use levels).

Implementation Strategy 4.1.6

Implementation Strategy for Water Resource Management and Use

Continue work on collection of hydrometric data through the Water Survey of Canada. (Environment Canada)

Implementation Strategy 4.1.9

Implementation Strategy for Water Resource Management and Use

Continue the development and implementation of Water Availability Indicators. (Environment Canada, Natural Resources Canada)

Please note that Health Canada was erroneously identified as having a responsibility associated with this goal in the FSDS and its associated target and implementation strategies. Health Canada's mandate does not extend to water availability.

Annex 3: Theme 4: Shrinking the Environmental Footprint - Beginning with Government

The following is the list of  Greening Government Operations targets of the FSDS. Details of Health Canada's specific implementation strategies are documented in Health Canada's  Report on Plans and Priorities.

8. Goal: Greening Government Operations

Minimize the environmental footprint of government operations.

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